Women During The Colonial Period - 914 Words

I did not believe that the word â€Å"I† was a good start for my first week’s assignment. However, after several attempts, I realized it was my best way to begin to share my impressions of how colonial women lived before and after the reading assignment. I want to start by sharing that I was born overseas, therefore, they way I would probably see women in US History in the colonial period would probably be quite different from someone who was born in the United States. How do you think women in the colonial period lived? They way I thought women lived in the colonial period was basically housemakers who’s only job was managing taking care of the house and the children. It was inevitable for me not to think about my great grandmother. I had the opportunity to live with her for a few years and she would share some of the stories of the women of generations before her. Based on the stories she shared with me, and my limited understanding of how women lived I always thought it was very difficult for women to find employment. My wrong perception of it was that they were lucky if they could find a sewing job but I was totally unaware they actually accomplished way more than just that. How long did they live? I was under the impression that women did not live as long as men did. The reason why because I always thought that giving birth would shorten a woman’s life expectancy. Women were known for having multiple children in the past and as a result of my wrong analogy I thoughtShow MoreRelatedEducation Of Women During The Colonial Period Essay1389 Words   |  6 PagesEducation of women in America has changed immensely. Between colonial times and the present day, women have made great strides in education. In colonial times, education for most women was limited to reading the bible. Since then, women have earned equality in primary and secondary education as well as college. This process has been aided by the enacting laws and through decisions of the courts. This has led to the equal opportunity that women enjoy today. Colonial Days Throughout the colonial periodRead MoreHow Did We Live? Women During The Colonial Period?1839 Words   |  8 PagesHow Did We Live? Women in the Colonial Period Similarly, to today, women were crucial in the Colonial Period, however, women were looked upon differently as they are today. In the 1600s and 1700s, women had many things happening around them, but for the most part they were kept busy at home, hidden from the world (Myers 1). Life in Colonial America was very difficult. The early women were expected to help the men in a variety of hard labor tasks in order to survive. As time passed, the lives ofRead MoreWas The Colonial Period A Golden Age? For Women?1010 Words   |  5 Pages Issue 1.3 Was the Colonial Period a â€Å"Golden Age† for Women in America? Amanda Tyler History 221 Dr. Coles September 30, 2014 Issue 1.3 Was the Colonial Period a â€Å"Golden Age† for Women in America? †¦ In the issue â€Å"Was the Colonial Period a â€Å"Golden Age† for Women in America?† the core difference of whether or not it was a golden age for women is seen in the variation of roles women had in the colonies compared to later generations and whether or not these differences led to themRead MoreWomen s Influence On The Formation Of The New Land971 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout history men have been conquers, captains, leaders, kings, and have left a print in history. On the other hand, women are depicted as weak and fragile, unable to fend for themselves. According to society women need a strong masculine man to protect and provide for them. What if I told all that could’ve been different in a new world where women and men could be free, own land, and practice any religion, would you go? Many European settlers fled England with hopes to break free from traditionRead MoreWomen During The 19th Century845 Words   |  4 Pagesnew world, the ratio of men to women was 3:1. The population was largely made up of bachelors for the first years. Women in the 17th Century were considered completely inferior to men in almost all ways possible. The social customs and legal codes ensured that the majority of women in these colonies were unable to vote, preach, hold political office, attend public schools or colleges, start lawsuits, make contracts or own property (Shi Tindall, 2013, Pg. 111). Women of the 17th Century had extremelyRead MoreThe Revolution Of The New World Essay1670 Words   |  7 Pagesthe antebellum period onto the Civil War, a multitude of opportunities swelled as time progressed for various ethnicities during the time periods of America. During the colonial period, new land, resources and revolutionizing means of trading expanded potential for the Europeans. The revolutionary period offered a new meaning to opportunity to a different gender and race as many sought for the same rights and prospects as granted to that of the Eu ropean men. Lastly the antebellum period, from 1815 toRead More The Devil in the Shape of a woman Essay734 Words   |  3 Pagesthat have been done to women in the name of witchcraft in Salem, and many other areas as well. It goes over statistical data surrounding gender, property inherence, and the perceptions of women in colonial New England. Unlike the other studies of colonial witchcraft, this book examines it as a whole, other then the usual Salem outbreaks in the late 17th century. To completely understand the history of New England witchcraft you have to understand the role of colonial women. The author of this bookRead MoreThe Rise of the Anti-Slavery Movement in the US Essay867 Words   |  4 Pagesof America, the struggle between white and black Americans is by the far the most complex and long standing issue. Beginning with first contact between white Europeans and Africans during the English colonial period, Africans were immediately labeled with terms including savage and heathen. During the Antebellum period, institution of chattel slavery in America certain ideas of what the black man’s role in society became widely known and accepted. Stereotype such as the Sambo, the Zip Coon, the BuckRead MoreEssay Eighteenth Century Colonial Women523 Words   |  3 PagesCentury Colonial Women In order to fully understand and analyze a period of time, a full examination of peoples everyday life is quite necessary. Although inferior to men, the roles and status of women in eighteenth century colonial America, contributed to the prospering society. The role of the family and extended kinship ties in the lives of African Americans is seen as a unifying and supporting force in times of suffering. The role and status of an eighteenth century colonial womanRead MoreThe History Of Colonial Latin America1322 Words   |  6 Pagesthat of honor. The history of colonial Latin America gives many questions related to the understanding of honor. The culture of honor during this period of time was pivotal as it provided a set of values that organized society and individual lives. Legal codes, social gatherings, seating arrangements were all mixed in with cultural meanings, which helps define status within a system of honor. Honor is also seen within fiction produced from the colonial Latin American period with the production of work

The Civil War, By Harriet Beecher Stowe - 2254 Words

Albert Einstein once said, â€Å"You have to learn the rules of the game. And then you have to play better than anyone else.† Honestly, what quote represents General Pierre Gustave Toutant-Beauregard better than that? It could be said that Beauregard, with his quick wit and tremendous skill, was destined to play a vital role in the Civil War. Decades of tension and rivalry between the North and the South led to the five year â€Å"war between the states,† more commonly known as the Civil War. No one knows for certain what the true cause for war was; some people claim it was slavery; some people insist it was state’s rights. The main issues included the South’s dwindling political power, state’s rights, expansion of slavery into the new†¦show more content†¦The five year war resulted in over 360,000 Union deaths and over 260,000 Confederate deaths, with gruesome and bloody skirmishes and battles such as the Battle of Antietam, the bloodiest single day of the war, and the Battle of Gettysburg, the bloodiest battle of the war . The war ended in a Union victory after General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Courthouse on April 9, 1865 (historynet). But how did General Beauregard affect the Civil War? To summarize, Beauregard played a key role in the Battle of Fort Sumter, the First Battle of Bull Run, and was an excellent militant. Pierre Gustave Toutant-Beauregard was born on May 28, 1818, into a well-respected Creole family. He was raised on a sugarcane plantation in St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana, which is just outside of New Orleans. Beauregard attended school in New York City, but in 1834 he was appointed to the United States Military Academy at West Point. He was popular, with nicknames such as â€Å"Little Creole† and â€Å"Little Napoleon,† and finished second in his class when he graduated in 1863 (history). Beauregard married Marie Antoinette Laure Villerà © in 1 841, and they had three children, Rene, Henri, and Laure before she died in childbirth on March 21, 1850 (findagrave). He was an

Health Fitness Essay Example For Students

Health Fitness Essay Health Components Evaluated in Test: Flexibility (Lower Back and Hamstrings) The first student is a fourteen year old female. After evaluating this students test, it is apparent that the student is not exactly physically fit, but definitely not overweight. The one-mile walk/run, proves that the student has had little or no exposure to cardiovascular/aerobic workouts. The sum of her skin fold test however, proves she is quite lean for her age. Her flexibility was good according to her sit and reach test scores, and the pull up test showed that she meets the standard for her age. The second student is a fourteen year old male. His one-mile walk/run shows that he is not in great physical condition. His skin fold test further explains his cardiovascular disappointment, as he is definitely overweight with a skin fold of 30. His flexibility is probably another factor of his weight. His sit and reach test was 20 cm, which definitely under the national standard. His sit up test was right on the nose with the standards, which proves this is probably an abdominal strong young man, but just the opposite in arm strength, not even reaching one pull up. Also, this may be a factor of his weight. MondayRun mile, lift weights (arms) TuesdayAgilitys, lift weights (legs) WednesdayRun mile, lift weights (arms) ThursdayAgilitys, lift weights (legs) MondayRun 1 mile, lift weights (arms) TuesdayAgilitys, lift weights (legs) WednesdayRun 1 mile, lift weights (arms) ThursdayAgilitys, lift weights (legs) MondayRun 1 mile, lift weights (arms) TuesdayAgilitys, lift weights (legs) WednesdayRun 1 mile, lift weights (arms) ThursdayAgilitys, lift weights (legs) MondayRun 1 miles, lift weights (arms) TuesdayAgilitys, lift weights (legs) WednesdayRun 1 miles, lift weights (arms) ThursdayAgilitys, lift weights (legs) MondayRun 1 miles, lift weights (arms) TuesdayAgilitys, lift weights (legs) WednesdayRun 1 miles, lift weights (arms) ThursdayAgilitys, lift weights (legs) MondayRun 2 miles, lift weights (arms) TuesdayAgilitys, lift weights (legs) WednesdayRun 2 miles, lift weights (arms) ThursdayAgilitys, lift weights (legs) Weights should be lifted at 60-70% of maximum for first three weeks in order to gain strength. For last three weeks lift 40-50% of maximum in order to build endurance. High KneesDo long way of gym, walk short way Butt KicksDo long way of gym, walk short way GrapevineDo long way of gym, walk short way Power SkipDo long way of gym, walk short way Bunny HopDo long way of gym, walk short way Bibliography: .

Music Appreciation Test 1 Essay Example

Music Appreciation Test 1 Paper In the chorus Hallelujah! From Messiah, monophony is used to convey the idea that There is one God The number11 in Didos Lament refers to Betrayal A shift from one level of volume to another in Baroque music is called Terrace Dynamics the earliest opera took their plots from mythology or history Which of the following musical devices is not used in the First movement of Bachs Cantata no. 140 wachet auf (sleepers awake) recitative the approximate dates of the Baroque period were 1600-1750 which of the following best describes socio-political system of the Baroque Era? Absolute Monarchy the dominant affection used in the chorus Hallelujah! From Messiah is best termed Majesty overlapping entries of the subject in a fugue are known as a Stretto The group of early Baroque writer, artists, and musicians whose aim was to resurrect the musical drama of ancient Greece known as The Florentine Camerata In the Chorus Hallelujah! from the Messiah, the kingdom of this world contrasted with the kingdom of our lord is significant because -uses terraced dynamics to show which kingdom is more important -uses word painting to represent these kingdoms -uses a special musical style to represent the idea that one of the kingdoms now rules the other The doctrine of the Affections states that An entire piece or large section of a piece should only reflect on affection short, recurring instrumental passage, found in the baroque concerto is called a Ritornello A performer of extraordinary technical ability is referred to as a virtuoso In the Baroque Era, a composer would be most likely to use the style of to set emotionally significant portions of a vocal solo Aria the main theme of a fugue is known as the Subject In Bachs Cantata no. 140, Wachet auf (Sleepers, Awake), the chorale tune is heard set against a countermelody in which movement? movement 4 George Frideric Handel was considered a master of the(genre) Opera Which of the following composers was born in Germany, traveled to Italy to study opera, but spent much of his/ her career in England Handel the form of the aria portion of Didos Lament from Purcells Dido and Aeneas is best described as Ostinato Aria A section of a fugue in which the main theme is not heard is called an episode the opening movement of Spring (Primavera) from The Four Seasons is in form Ritornello the larger group of instruments in a Baroque concerto grosso is known as a. Pipieno or Tutti the baroque composer who was also a renowned singer was Barbara Strozzi the volume changes based on the performing forces used (soft, medium, loud) without subtle gradations between levels in baroque music are known as terraced dynamic which genre is best described as a short multi movement work for vocalists, chorus and instrumentalists based on a text of either sacred or secular nature Cantata specific, short musical ideas may be used to stimulate specific emotions is known as The Doctrine of Figures A is a baroque congregational hymn of the German Lutheran Church. chorale In the chorus Hallelujah! from Messiah, canon is used to represent eternity the Florentine Cameratas ideas on music led directly toward the development of Opera the form of Handels Rejoice Greatly! is best described as da capo during the Baroque period the stated that there should be no rapid, extreme changes of emotion in a piece of music Doctrine of Affections a type of performance group used in most Baroque music is the Basso Continuo which two instruments would have been most likely to play the basso continuo in the baroque area? Cello and harpsichord the text of an opera is known as the Libbretto the number of players needed to perform a baroque basso continuo is two the Water Music by Handel is best described as a (genre) suite the opening movement of Bachs cantata no. 140, Wachet auf (sleepers, awake) is best described as(form/genre) Chorale fantasia the Baroque musician who was unusual for being admitted to an academy of intellectuals was Barbara Strozzi what refers to practice of breaking chords into separate notes to prolong the sound Style Brise the solo group of instruments in a concerto grosso is called concertino another term for ground bass is basso ostinato on which epic poem did nahum tate base the libretto for Purcells opera Dido and Aeneas? Virgils Aeneid How many players are necessary to correctly perform a trio sonata four 2 play bass continuo -1 play bass -1 play melody the chorale is a type of hymn tune created by Martin Luther Musical pictorialization of words from a text is known as word painting the larger group of instruments in a Baroque concerto grosso plays the Ritornello the greatest native English composer of the baroque period was Henry Purcell chorale tunes were adapted from Gregorian chant secular art music the is a polyphonic form in which one or more themes are developed in imitative counterpoint Fugue Bachs last demonstration of contrapuntal mastery was the. art of fugue the baroque period witnessed a new style of music, which featured a single vocal melody with accompaniment known as Monody the philosophical basis for the Doctrine of Affection was the idea of the power of music to influence the circulatory system the tendency to value the subjective, emotional, and ecstatic is know as Dionysian A is a virtuosic solo passage in the manner of an improvisation. cadenza the tendency to value reason, the objective, an order is best called Apollonian who is best viewed as the first master of opera? monteverdi Dido sings her famous lament in purcells opera Dido and Aeneas just before. she dies the term baroque probably derives from the meaning misshapen pearl the most popular keyboard instruments of the baroque era were the Organ and Harpsichord the first movement of a baroque concerto is most often based on procedure or form ritornello a multi movement work based on the opposition of one player against a larger group is a. solo concerto male singer who was neutered during boyhood to preserve his high voice was a castrato which of the following is a set of forty-eight preludes and fugues by Bach The Well Tempered Clavier J.S. Bach was most famous in his day as a performer on the Organ Melodic style characterized by many notes sung to a single text syllable is called Melismatic the term accompagnato (as opposed to secco) describes recitative in which the whole orchestra accompanies An instrumental passage that recurs again and again, as a refrain in an aria, is called a. ritornello which of the following pieces is an example of program music Spring from the Four Seasons by Vivaldi which of the following is most likely to be a syllabic in style? recitative the opening section of a fugue in which the main theme is heard is called an exposition the harpsichord is different from the piano because strings are plucked rather than hammered a hornpipe is an english dance a short phrase repeated over and over in the bass is also called a basso ostinato or ground bass which was not a favored keyboard instrument of the Baroque era? the piano vigorous, driving rhythm that does not let up is known as the. moto perpetuo an operatic song in the form ABA, which allows for the soloist to embellish the last section is called a. da capo aria what is a term indicating a purge of the emotions? catharsis opera is best understood as a dionysian entertainment a - was a type of english aristocratic entertainment combining music, poetry, and dance masque vivaldi wrote his concertos for the performers at the ospedale della pieta who were adolescent girls a repeating melody, usually in the bass, throughout a piece of music is known as a basso ostinato how many voices or individual lines are there in J.S. Bachs contrapunctus I from the art of fugue? four mourets rondeau is best considered a (genre) movement from a suite of dances the contrapuntal device that presents the subject spelled from end to beginning (backward) is known as retrograde the contrapuntal device that presents the subject spelled from upside down is known as. inversion what are the musical figures or example of word painting used by Handel in Rejoice Greatly high note on shout melismas long notes on peace large intervals on greatly In the chorus Hallelujah! from Messiah, The kingdom of this world contrasted with the Kingdom of our Lord is significant because -uses terraced dynamics to show which kingdom is more important -uses word painting to represent these kingdoms -uses a special musical style to represent the idea that one of the kingdoms now rules the other what are ostinato forms of the baroque era -basso ostinato -passacaglia -ground bass -chaconne what positions did Bach hold during his lifetime -cantor of St. Thomass Church in Leipzig -court organist and chamber musician to duke of weimar -court musician to the prince of Anhalt-Cothem What are devices used in Didos Lament -chromatic basso ostinato to symbolize grief or mourning -melodic descent on laid in earth to portray burial -repeated notes on remember me! to portray to the tolling of a death bell what are the characteristics of baroque music: -energetic, continuous rhythm -continuously expanding melody, built on sequence, or spinning out -expressive use of dissonance how did baroque musicians earn a living -as servants to royalty or nobility -as employees of a city -as employees of the church

Battle of Shiloh essays

Battle of Shiloh essays During the night of the April 5, 1862, Confederate commander, Albert S. Johnston, was sound asleep. Throughout his life he had reoccurring dreams in which a unicorn, with the name Shiloh, would appear and foretell what was to transpire within the next twenty-four hours. The unicorn stood tall and majestic with hair snow white and a horn of golden color that shimmered when light touched it. Its eyes were that of one which had seen much and obtained knowledge others couldnt even claim to possess. That night the unicorn appeared in his dreams and enlightened him with such information. It told of what was to take place when he arrived at the Union encampment at Pittsburg Landing, of the Battle that would go on to be called Shiloh, named after a meetinghouse 3 miles from the Landing. Then the unicorn spoke of his death. This was to be the last battle fought by Johnston, and his death was described to him in vivid detail. He woke up in a cold sweat, knowing that what the unicorn had said should be taken seriously because all it speaks of is truth. By that time, the first signs of morning were beginning to take place. The world was starting to wake up. Johnston and his troops headed towards the Union encampment, and upon their arrival they achieved complete surprise which was what the Confederates had anticipated. Due to the fact that neither side had ever fought in a battle in their lives, there was mass confusion. The Rebels were defeating the Federals position one after another, but the Union commander, Ulysses S. Grant , ordered for his troops to block the sunken road, in which the Confederates were traveling on, no matter what. Shots were fired at the Federals, but it did not faze them, at least not until the Confederate army obtained sixty-two cannons and started firing them at point black range down the sunken road. Soon after that monstrosity, the Union troops were forced to surrender. ...

ACT Prep †Practice Tests, Study Guides, and Critical Info

ACT Prep - Practice Tests, Study Guides, and Critical Info SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips PrepScholar helps you prepare for the ACT by giving you free ACT resources. Browse through our comprehensive list of real, official ACT practice tests. Find out ACT general info, section strategies, section content, and other resources. To read our free blog resources, you don't need to register or create an account - you can get started today! PrepScholarhasa multitude of resources to help students. While we do have a paid Online Prep course, we also offer a stunning range of materials available for free on our blog right here. Think of this page as a flexible index of sorts that categorizes ACT Prep material for you! General ACT Info ACT Test DatesIntro to the ACTLast Minute ACT StrategiesWhat's a Good ACT Score? ACT Practice Tests ACT Practice Tests: Free and PrintableFree Older Official ACTPracticeHigh-Quality Alternatives to ACT Practice TestsHow to Get the Most Out of ACT Practice Tests ACT Math Getting StartedOverall GuideTargetinga 36StrategiesFormula StrategiesGuessing StrategiesPlugging in Numbers StrategiesQuestion Order Strategies ContentAlgebraic FunctionsAlgebraic OperationsCirclesConic SectionsCoordinate GeometryInequalitiesPolynomialsProbabilitiesSequencesStatistics ACT English Getting StartedOverall GuideTargeting a 36 StrategiesGeneral StrategiesGeneral Tips ContentAdd/Delete QuestionsAdjectives vs AdverbsFaulty ModifiersFormalityGrammar RulesIdiomsParallel StructureParts of SpeechPronoun AgreementPronoun CasePunctuationRelevance QuestionsRun-On Sentences and FragmentsSubject Verb AgreementTransition QuestionsVerb Tenses and FormsWord Choice and DictionWordiness and Redundancy ACT Reading Getting StartedOverall GuideTargeting a 36 Strategies and ContentApproaching ACT ReadingClassification / Question TypesHow to Stay FocusedInference QuestionsPaired PassagesTime Strategies ACT Science Getting StartedOverall ACT Science Guide Targeting a 36 StrategiesTime ManagementTop StrategiesWhyScience Is Really About Reading ContentCalculating QuestionsConflicting ViewpointsExperimental Design QuestionFactual QuestionsInterpreting ExperimentsInterpreting TrendsPassage Types ACT Writing Getting StartedOverall GuideTargeting a 12 Is ACT Writing Important? Strategies and Content Prompts Rubric Overall Tips How to Write an ACT Essay ACT Prep Plans Best ACT Prep BooksHow to Get a Perfect ACT Score10-Day ACT Study Plan College Resources Facts Straight From the Admissions OfficerHow College Admissions Officers Read RecommendationsHow to Get Into Harvard While the resources above are vast, if you want it packaged up all-in-one as part of a full ACT course with even more content, quizzes, and practice, we recommend our Online Prep Program. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes your prep program to your strengths and weaknesses. We also have expert instructors who can grade every one of your practice ACT essays, giving feedback on how to improve your score. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Corporate Social Responsibility In Organizations & the Community Research Paper

Corporate Social Responsibility In Organizations & the Community - Research Paper Example The governments of the United States (local, state and federal) participate significantly in addressing crime issues. The governments have a moral and social responsibility to ensure observance of all regulations and laws, and to develop a safe and harmonious American society. In most cases, the federal government is responsible for initiating the basic features of law development and enforcement (Lagarde, 1994). The federal governments also play critical roles in the provision of resources to the state and local institutions, whose key function is to adopt and implement the law. The research also analyzes the survey data that explains the public policy issue of crime in the present political context. A key survey finding illustrates that the Democrats are likely to increase the levels of crime. On the same note, the African American and also the Suburban democrats greatly explain that reduction in the crime levels is the most important issues that should be addressed by the governments of the United States (Woll, 1974). This finding is very unique and interesting, because the suburban democrats did not illustrate in the survey that the crime levels are increasing. Policies can be made to govern or control any concept or issue in the society. Usually, the reason for the policy making is a problem in the society that requires a solution which can only be achieved by setting up goals and objectives. In our society, there are a number of problems which cannot be solved on an individual basis. They require the input of a group which potentially is the whole community. It is the responsibility of the society to ensure that its moral values are upheld. It is often only logical that if an elder member of the society finds teenagers misbehaving, they should correct them and probably see to it that the teenagers revere their mistakes (Jay, 2014). However, the contemporary society denotes everything in a different manner. People like

Music Contract Negotiations and Publishing Essay

Music Contract Negotiations and Publishing - Essay Example Music publishers have diverse roles such as working on a creative entity with the songwriters in composing of new songs, enforcing as well as protecting copyrights, seeking licensees for the song, entering into arrangements with regard to licensing, and collecting as well as disbursing the income among others. Just as the songwriters, copyright laws, and collecting societies have changed, advancements in technology has changed ways in which music publishers operate. It has led to enlargement of potential sources of profit, making the industry lucrative and at the same time complex (Biederman 2007). Therefore, this essay discusses in length on the role of music publishers, the history as well as the changes in the music publishing industry, and how publishers can realize their future potential. Music publishers play an essential role in ensuring that the career of songwriters is successful. Whether or not songwriters are establishing their name or developing talents, publishers are invaluable to them since they guarantee that they are protected and their songs are not exploited. To some extent, music publishers facilitate earning prospects for songwriters and artists whose professions are not lucrative. Although most of the artists do not have ownership rights, one of the key components in the relationship between publishers and songwriters is the division as far as copyright ownership is concerned. This means that the more services the publisher offers such as licensing and being creative, the more ownership they have. Over the years, music publishers have made tremendous improvement in the music industry. They ensure successful synch licensing, demo recording and exemplary creativity. For instant, the Kobalt music Group is an independent publisher that has advanced techn ological systems that has redefined the industry. Although it does not have ownership of copyrights, it incorporates innovative elements

Enviromental Factors Essay Example for Free

Enviromental Factors Essay The four external factors that help organizations achieve optimal function are funding sources, non cash revenues, clients or consumers, and competitors. These four external factors are important to every organization as this is what keeps the organization going. If an organization was to lose any of these factors listed above the organization may not stay at optimal function. â€Å"The six internal factors that help organizations achieve optimal function are organizational purpose, mission, philosophy, organizational planning, organizational operations, human resources, technological resources, and financial resources. †(The six internal factors listed above are what keeps and organization strong and running. These factors cover all aspects of the organization and make sure the organization is on track with the rest of the team members of that same organization. This also helps the organization achieve their goals and be able to meet their needs more efficiently. The factors I felt were most important were clients or consumers, competitors, funding sources, and organizational planning. Every organization needs clients or consumers or their organization would fail, as well every organization needs competition to be far. Funding sources are always important as they help fund and bring money in. Organizational planning can go a long way, if the right person is doing the planning. With careful organizational planning and organization can still be run and be successful. Reference Kettner, P. M. (1993). Acheiving Excellence in the Mangement of Human Services Organizations. Hauppauge, NY: AllynBacon.

Money and Staff Retention :: GCSE Business Marketing Coursework Essays

Doward (Guardian 2001) states â€Å"Sotheby’s having registered $178m of losses this year are spending $40m in a bid to retain key Heads of staff†. It might pay Sotheby’s to understand McGregor’s Theories X, Y and Schein`s Social theory as essential when looking for ways to motivate and retain staff. Theory X used financial rewards and punishments for untrustworthy employees involving company policy. Theory Y sees staff needing â€Å"care, independence, self-development and creative work, for company success.†(Cooper`1998). Schein`s social interaction helped staff â€Å"to obtain a sense of identity and belonging, wanting to be seen as meeting work expectations not merely receiving financial rewards†. Theory X relates more to Taylorism, whilst Theory Y/Social ideas follow Maslow`s idea of Self-Actualisation. Holden(1997)states â€Å" HR Manager’s must be able to forecast, plan, organise, monitor, motivate and control effectively †. Jane Wibberley (Senior Personnel Manager Marks & Spencer Southampton) believed in a mixture of Reward Management, Work Appraisal, Management Development and Security. Today’s Human Resource Manager will need to obtain commitment and recognition whilst offering reward and re-enforcement using recognised Employment regulations. Kizer`s (1987) Executive Stress Alleviators (e.g. Wellness Programmes)must be observed for commitment purposes. As to how managers retain key staff, local interviews from Marks&Spencer, Paris, Smith&Randall and Southampton Institute will reinforce that Hard HRM financial reward Practices are not the only way to keep key staff. Taylor`s rational-economic needs initiated the debate as to financial rewards being the sole motivator for staff along with Fordism. Contrary to this Maslow looked to Human requirement of interesting work being at the top of Hierarchical Needs Pyramid (i.e. Self Actualisation) with pay at the lowest. Bennett (1981) looked at motivation and commitment â€Å"as a mixture of Economic rewards, intrinsic satisfaction and social needs†, which Rollinson(1998) stressed â€Å"should be ongoing practices†. Makin(1996) looked beyond financial payments whilst Rose and Edmund Cadbury believed payment incentive schemes â€Å"eliminated judgement and initiative†(Statt`1994) now so vital to HRM. Mullins(1999) states, â€Å"Managers must provide challenging, creative work, unblocking workers growth needs, allowing sufficient opportunity for key workers to have more opportunities to satisfy existence and relatedness needs†, (e.g. promotion). Alderfer supported this, whilst Locke/Hertzberg looked at job enrichment. Adams(1995) believed Managers should ensure â€Å"equitable fairness amongst staff in payment and treatment as underpaid, undervalued staff have less commitment†. The majority of these studies (e.g. Hawthorne Plants 1920/30`s) involved manual staff so there relevance in retaining Executive staff is questionable.

Description Paragraph of an Important Person in Your Life

My grandfather has a very special place in my life. He is the greatest person I know, and I really admire and respect him as a person. Grandfather was tall, thin with lots of white hair. He was in his ass's when I passed away. Although I spent little time with him, I have lots of memory of him. My grandfather lived in a small village called Bib, in Imo state, Nigeria. I was living with him at the age of four, because my parents were in Rome, Italy. I spent about six years with him before I Joined my parents.He was a great man and everyone knows him because he was a man of integrity, and he always stand on his words. My grandfather worked as an electrical engineer. All I can remember is that, he always wears green t-shirt, black trouser, and a thick glove to work. He told me that the glove was to prevent electrical shocks. My grandfather inspired me to be an engineer. He told me that I will make good money if I become an engineer. As little child, I told him that it was not going to b e possible, because I thought it was male Job. He made me to understand that there are many types of career in engineer.Another thing my grandfather inspired me to do was be a good person. He though me how to respect elders and talk to people In a good manner. Although life was hard, he gives me money to buy things that I need, from the little money he makes from his Job. He was paying my school feel and making sure that I did not lack anything. My staying In Nigerian turned from good moment to bad, when he was admitted to hospital. There was no decent hospital, but the doctor who visited him after two weeks of Illness, said he was going to die because his liver was damaged from poison.I cried out, called him several time but my beloved grandfather could not hear me again. After three days I spent In the hospital, no one came to visit or bring us something to eat. I looked around me, I saw him struggling to live. Everywhere smelled some wired scent . Affably when he opened his eyes; I noticed that It was yellow. My grandfather told me he Is going to die because there was no doctor that gave him medication, which Is why his liver was affected and there was nothing they could do again to save his life.I wept and said, had It been that I was a doctor; I would have save his life. He replied and said ; my daughter, Its not too late, when you Join your parents, you can study and become a doctor, so that you will save Innocent souls In Africa. † Still with tears, I said, I will do that to honor oh grandfather. Today, I am working toward It and I am hoping to accomplish my dream In becoming a doctor to honor the memory of my beloved grandfather.Description Paragraph of an Important Person in Your Life By phoneme person. He though me how to respect elders and talk to people in a good manner. Did not lack anything. My staying in Nigerian turned from good moment to bad, when him after two weeks of illness, said he was going to die because his liver was grandfather could not hear me again. After three days I spent in the hospital, no one to live. Everywhere smelled some wired scent finally when he opened his eyes; I deiced that it was yellow.My grandfather told me he is going to die because there was no doctor that gave him medication, which is why his liver was affected and there was nothing they could do again to save his life. I wept and said, had it been that I was a doctor; I would have save his life. He replied and said ; my daughter, its you will save innocent souls in Africa. † Still with tears, I said, I will do that to honor you grandfather. Today, I am working toward it and I am hoping to accomplish my dream in becoming a doctor to honor the memory of my beloved grandfather.

Saving Energy

As globalization makes the world become smaller, it becomes increasingly easy to see how the lives of people everywhere especially on our OU’s campus synced up with one another. The truth is that every single thing we do every day has an impact on the planet—good or bad. The good news is that as an individual you have the power to control most of your choices and therefore, the impact you create: from where you live to what you buy, eat and use to light your dorm/apartment, to where and how you travel to classes. Today when something is broken, or worn out, it is thrown away.Recycling conserves our natural resources, saves landfills space, conserves energy and reduces water pollution, air pollution and the green house gases emissions that cause global warming. Many may not understand the real benefits of recycling, four things are most important when it comes to recycling including Saving Energy, Reducing Pollution, Saving Natural Resources, and Saving Space. On our col lege campus, there is almost endless variety of programs, weather academic or administrative, that require information to be collected and stored on a regular basis.These can include admission or job application request and RSVP’S for training events, among others. While all these forms are being used, do people have in mind how many trees they are using and how they can give back to the environment and to the university by daily recycling. There are many ways of recycling and going green on campus. By the end of this paper you’re going to want to live green and recycle for the cost of the earth and you’re on campus environment.Saving Energy is one of the major concerns here on Oakland University campus. After doing some intense research I came to find out that OU’s campus spends over six million dollar a year on heating, cooling, and electricity. Many times students take living on campus for granted and don’t realize how expensive things are, beca use they don’t have a direct electricity bill. So when you’re in your dorm and leave the television, the light, and your cell phone plugged in you wasting electricity which is causing harm to your campus.One way of saving energy is to simple cut off your laptop, and when you’re not using your phone charger, television, toaster, microwave, and so forth just unplug the appliances and keep in mind it’s for your campus, earth, and not to mention your pockets; when it comes to tuition payments. Another way of saving energy is compact fluorescent light bulbs. They use about seventy five percent less energy than standard incandescent bulbs and last up to 10 times longer. I would recommend that Oakland University adopts saving energy through lighting every dorm, apartment, bathroom, and hallway with compact fluorescent light bulbs.Reducing pollution is the second issue that needs to be addressed on OU’s campus. People go on their everyday daily routine wit hout noticing the environment surround them. I must say Oakland University campus is very clean but there are some underground pollutants that you just don’t see walking to class. However, there are diffidently some changes that can be made by everyone to even better our OU’s community. In order for this school to reduce or eliminate the amount of pollutant and waste it generates, an attitude of â€Å"less is better† should be adopted.All students, teachers, administrative staff, and janitors must ask themselves â€Å"Is there a different way to do this that generates less waste or uses safer materials? † This is the part of recycling that is fun and for everyone to take apart in. First, dispose of all litter in trash cans so that the litter does not get washed into near-by storm sewers. Next, use recycle products on campus as much as possible, such as paper and other environment-friendly products. Water based paints, and non toxic floor and desk cleaner would be good idea to bring forward to the janitor.

Usha Martin Company

Usha Martin Company Introduction Founded in 1961, the Usha Martin Company has expanded its portfolio, product line, and physical structure outside India. The company has remained one of the most successful steel wire rope product manufacturers.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Usha Martin Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company’s current dilemma is how to maintain and improve the past business performance through strategic decision science within its current and future growth plans. During its six decades of operations, the company has exercised such business strategies as internationalization and vertical integration. Thus, this analytical treatise will attempt to explicitly review and evaluate the benefits and risks of Usha Martin’s vertical integration strategy and internationalization strategy. Besides, the paper will present a five-year strategic plan for Usha Martin to ensure growth and success in the lo ng term. Discussion Vertical integration strategy: Benefits and risks Vertical integration, as a management style, involves integration of the supply chain to accommodate the different products that a company deals in. The Usha Martin Company boasts of a strong vertical integration in its industrial organization. From a single location, the company controls its designing, cutting, manufacturing, distribution and marketing process for its steel wire pipe product in India. The production segments such as raw material acquisition, power plant operation and coal mining, actual production, and distribution are segmented and disfranchised within a systematic control system that monitors production progress.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Benefits Reflectively, the vertical integration strategy has shielded the company from market swings, which create fluctuations in th e supply chain in terms of input availability and price. As earlier predicted by Mr. B.K Jhawar, the chairman of the Usha Martin Company, the vertical integration strategy enabled the company to save more than one billion Indian rupees. Besides, the company has been in a position to have full control of the quality of inputs used in manufacturing the steel wire pipes. Since the company operates and fully owns its sub production branches, it has been able to benefit from the aspect of cost competitiveness in production and the final price of the products. The topological structure of the Usha Martin Company consists of communication and operations management systems, which help in determining efficient performance and optimal resource use. As confirmed by Mr. B.K Jhawar, the company stresses on quality products, customer satisfaction, and cost effective production within accepted standards at the forefront. The vertical integration process has allowed the Usha Martin Company to produ ce, design, sell, and distribute its products globally within a short time span. This is possible due to internalization of a direct and complete control of the distribution and production process for its steel wire pipe brands. Basically, the vertical integration process at the Usha Martin Company includes the aspects of cost, dependability, speed, quality, and flexibility. These variables determine success or failure in business. These variables are achievable through value delivery, value addition, and creativity within a single production chain.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Usha Martin Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reflectively, these concepts are techniques and tools, that are essential in the art of integrating the production and distribution processes. Besides, this process is inclusive of the scientific aspects, such as a technical process of understanding the operations involved in operations management, their application, and evaluation criteria. Risks The major part of the success puzzle for the integrated management operates on the periphery of the soft skills that involve the timeless vision of organizational principles, defining value of the business, determining requirements, clarifying the vision, building teams, mitigating task, resolving issues, and providing direction as incorporated in the vertical integration process at the Usha Martin Company. However, the vertical integration strategy may prove to be challenging when one of the above soft skills is not balanced. Besides, the strategy is costly to implement and manage. Since the Usha Martin Company operates in the sensitive manufacturing industry, its vertical integration strategy within the production department may become obsolescent as production technologies change frequently. Thus, a possible change in the production process for the steel wire pipe product may force the Usha Martin Company to invest in the new technology to remain competitive even if it is very expensive. Keeping up with any changes in technology would translate into additional costs to match the integrated process with the new technology.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This might hurt the profitability and business sustainability in the long run. Besides, the company may become a victim of disregarding the potential loss within the streams of existing income and eventually forget the initial specialization focus. Internationalization strategy: Benefits and risks Internationalization is vital in business management and operations, especially when a company intends to localize production tools such as labor, distribution, and culture in the market of operation. At its inception, the Usha Martin Company concentrated on the local market of India. The company has experienced growth in the last sixty years and has substantially expanded its markets beyond the traditional domestic market of India. The Usha Martin Company has successfully implemented its internalization strategy by penetrating and establishing sub branches in more than four countries. The company has active sub branches in the UK, Netherlands, Brunton, Singapore, Canada, Australia, Vietna m, and Indonesia. Benefits The company has adopted the strategies of product proliferation and product development to not only achieve the goal of internationalization, but also to maintain its competitiveness in the international steel wire pipes market. Reflectively, product proliferation is a strategy that companies adopt to create opaque barriers for their competitors. Through this approach, the market share leader will automatically have the discretion to reap maximum benefits ahead of its closest competitors. For instance, the internalization strategy has ensured that the Usha Martin Company has a market share for steel wire pipes within international markets such as the UK, Netherlands, Brunton, Singapore, Canada, Australia, Vietnam, and Indonesia. Product development entails the innovation process aimed at modeling the existing product or improving on it to balance with the changing preferences of the customers. The company is associated with new innovations and attractive d esigns that appeal to their customers across the world. For instance, a steel wire pipe produced in the international branches is customized to meet the demands of foreign customers. This strategy guarantees increase in the market share for the companies in the UK, Netherlands, Brunton, Singapore, Canada, Australia, Vietnam, and Indonesia. Risks When operating leverage, fixed and variable costs of labor should be separated from each other as outsourcing. When implementing the internalization strategy, outsourcing tends to change balance of this ratio. In addition, in contracting an outside source as a factor of production, there is a need to improve quality of duty for which such a job is required. This is possible when contract is constituted within acceptable levels of service agreement duly signed. Thus, the company is exposed to market dynamics such as labor laws, cost of production, and product prices within the foreign branches. Five-year strategic plan Essentially, the succes s of product management depends on a proper alignment of a functional idea with the creation of flexible, involuntary, and quantifiable measurement of perception by the target audience. Reflectively, this idea should have essential elements that can easily sway the mind, either positively or negatively. Knowing how to improve quality is crucial for the growth of a business. In fact, consumers normally go for products that perform best. Besides, quality improvement will serve the organization’s needs to improve on performance, durability, maintain economic viability, maintain visual and aesthetic appeal, maintain superiority in service delivery, and maintain good reputation due to quality assurance. Thus, quality improvement deployment and organizational change action plans present an a strategy that would facilitate the business gain in the long term operations through value and quality improvement in the global manufacturing industry. This is summarized in the strategic plan table below. Strategic Plan Therefore, the company should consider cross franchising in the business policies aimed at expanding and improving its position, without having to incur much cost. Cross platform franchising will enable the company to gain a strategic competitive advantage in a number of ways. Further, it will give a company the possibility to reduce the risk of market flop that results from the failure to carry out adequate market research. Conclusion The main activities in the control matrix of strategic management is the input and output tracking for the case of the Usha Martin Company. The activities are influenced by environmental, internal, and external factors in the business management strategy. Reflectively, the process should include organization charts, status reports, process map, compliance requirements, review structure, activities, dates, and resources employed within a specified period of time through benchmarking. The benchmarking initiative will involv e streamlining control activities to ensure efficiency via a proactive quality mitigation channel that reports progress of the intended quality improvement system.

Voice Viewpoint How to Choose the Right Narrator for Your Novel

Voice Viewpoint How to Choose the Right Narrator for Your Novel How do you choose the right viewpoint and narrator for your novel? Last updated: 07/10/2017We have the chance to work with some exceptionally talented and experienced editors at Reedsy. Kristen Stieffel is one of them: a writer, editor, and writing coach, she specializes in speculative fiction. Today, she shares  her expert advice on viewpoint and narrators. Ever wondered whether you should write your book using first or third person? You need to read this!Viewpoint, also known as point of view or POV, is one of the most complex facets of fiction. It is confusing and misunderstood, so viewpoint errors are among the most common errors editors see in new writers’ manuscripts. Confusion about viewpoint stems from the very words we use to describe it: close third person, limited third person, middle third person †¦ what do they mean? â€Å"Third person† doesn’t say anything about viewpoint. It only says you’re using he and she instead of I. "Viewpoint is not about pronouns. Viewpoint is about character." Think of viewpoint as a camera. Who’s carrying it? You have two choices: give it to a narrator, or give it to one or more characters.The omniscient narratorThe omniscient narrator knows everything and can share anyone’s thoughts at any time. He can, and often does, make value judgments about the characters in the story.Scrooge took his melancholy dinner in his usual melancholy tavern; and having read all the newspapers, and beguiled the rest of the evening with his banker’s-book, went home to bed. He lived in chambers which had once belonged to his deceased partner. They were a gloomy suite of rooms, in a lowering pile of building up a yard, where it had so little business to be, that one could scarcely help fancying it must have run there when it was a young house, playing at hide-and-seek with other houses, and forgotten the way out again.- Charles Dickens, A Christmas CarolThe girl stood up and walked to the end of the station. Across, on the other side, were ï ¬ elds of grain and trees along the banks of the Ebro. Far away, beyond the river, were mountains. The shadow of a cloud moved across the ï ¬ eld of grain and she saw the river through the trees.â€Å"And we could have all this,† she said. â€Å"And we could have everything and every day we make it more impossible.†- Ernest Hemingway, Hills Like White ElephantsThe narrator’s camera is mounted in the room, so we see and hear what’s going on, but we don’t know what the characters are thinking. Just as if we were waiting in the train station with this couple, all we can know is what we see and hear. If this scene were written from the viewpoint of either character, we would know that person’s thoughts. Revealing the thoughts of either one would reveal too much, so Hemingway chooses the impartial objective narrator. This style of narrator is also useful if the writer needs to show something happening- a volcano erupting, a bomb ticking, an asteroid hurtling through space- when no person is there to observe it. Any narrator may hold the camera. But only the omniscient and limited narrators provide commentary, though to differing degrees. The objective narrator is a silent observer, with an unremarkable, almost invisible, prose style. In omniscient viewpoint, and to a lesser extent in limited viewpoint, it’s possible for the narrator to have a distinct personality. I would go so far as to say that in omniscient viewpoint, it is necessary that the narrator persona have a distinct personality, like the narrator of A Christmas Carol.The drawback to all of these is that any narrator puts psychic distance between the reader and the character. The advantage is that you can reveal information not known to the characters, or known to one character but not another. The narrator of A Christmas Carol, for example, tells the reader what other people think of Scrooge- things he cannot know.Remember that your protagonist is not the viewpoint character. He is not carrying the camera. Your narrator h olds the camera, but he’s not a character in the story. He is a persona observing the story.On this other post, we look  at what it means to give the viewpoint completely to the characters.Check out Kristen Stieffel’s profile on Reedsy here! And don’t forget to follow her on Twitter:  @KristenStieffelWhat is your narrator preference when writing (or reading!) fiction? Let us know your thoughts on this, or any question for Kristen, in the comments below!

Acceptable Use Policy & Security Audit Assignment

Acceptable Use Policy & Security Audit - Assignment Example The policy has numerous advantages including governing the traffic into the IT resources or data. Such traffic monitoring are often intended towards reducing network congestion and preventing chances performance degradation. The owner of the policy is usually responsible for the users’ behaviors on the computers; therefore, anyone who is not authorized to the network cannot use the same. This notes that anyone accessing such computers without full authority of the owner constitutes to ill behavior to the policy. For instance, using someone’s name to access the resources and changing the access code among others. In other words, private computers cannot be used in such a computer network system. Those who violate AUP are liable to numerous disciplinary actions where each action taken depends on the degree of the offence and the relationship of the offender and the policy owner (Wright, Freedman, and Liu 220). For instance, if the violation is reported in learning institutions, the culprit may lose the institution’s computer privileges as well as facing possible termination, suspension, or expulsion from the institution. In some cases, such violation may lead to jail terms. Wright, Craig, Brian Freedman, and Dale Liu.  The It Regulatory and Standards Compliance Handbook: [how to Survive an Information Systems Audit and Assessments]. Burlington, MA: Syngress Pub, 2008. Internet

Memo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Memo - Essay Example The insurer has a duty to defense before a court of law. Insurance companies lose the right to defense only when there is conflict of interest. Insurance companies do not compensate the insured automatically before thorough analysis of the real cause of the losses which call for compensation. According to Devine (2006), the insurance company has a duty and a right to defend itself basing this on the principles governing the insurance contracts as stipulated in insurance law. Mr. and Mrs. Turner entered into an insurance contract with Youngston Company when they took a cover against any liability that arises other than injuries resulting from discharge, release, dispersal or escape from pollutants. These clauses specified the kind and extent of losses to be compensated whenever such specific liability arises. The policy language excluded losses suffered due to discharge, dispersal, release, or escape of pollutants. From the excerpt, we noted that the child became ill because of too mu ch lead in the body system. Insurance company should defend itself basing this on the language of the cover i.e. the cover would not cover any liabilities resulting from losses suffered due to escape of pollutants. In addition, the company is not liable for the losses suffered by a third party. During inception of the insurance contract, neither Mr. and Mrs. Cavanaugh nor any other person who rented the apartment, was mention in the contract. Since, the child belongs to the third party; the insurance company has a duty to defense based on this. However, the insurance policy issued by the company did not specify exactly the boundaries of compensation. The exclusion language did not mention the specific pollutants which will be covered by the policy. In addition, the policy cover did not specify whether the company should compensate any damages suffered by the third party. It is therefore the decision of the court to

Contradictions and the Legitimacy of Law in Early American History Essay

Contradictions and the Legitimacy of Law in Early American History - Essay Example This indignity suffered by black slaves are shown here in an example of runaway slave advertisement: April 23, 1738. RAN away from the Subscriber in Lancaster County, the 17th Instant, a dark Mullatto Fellow, named Will: He is a lusty, well-set Fellow, aged about 42 years; he is pretty much Pock-fretten, and has a Lump on the hind Part of One of his Legs, near his Heel. He wore a Man's Cloth Jacket, a Pair of brown Cotton Breeches, and an Ozenbrig Shirt, he carried with him, a white Fustian Jacket, a lopping Ax, and a fiddle: He is a Carpenter, Sawyer, Shoemaker, and Cooper. Whoever will apprehend the said Slave, or give Intelligence so that he may be had again, shall be sufficiently rewarded, besides what the Law allows, paid by James Ball. Unfortunately for the escaped slave did not just enjoy the freedom from their oppression, the laws of the day also allowed for their capture. It had gotten to the point in the American slavery period that the slave owners convinced enough members of the senate and governing bodies to enact a new law that would have anyone who did not capture a slave when they had the opportunity to be charged with a fine of $1,000. Written into the United States Constitution, the Thirteenth Amendment makes involuntary servitude illegal under any US jurisdiction whether at the hands of the US government or in the private sphere, except as punishment for a crime: "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction." With this amendment written into the United States Constitution, Amendment XIII effectively abolished slavery and, with the exception of allowing punishments for crimes, prohibits involuntary servitude. The article states: Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. (United States Constitution Amendment XIII, 1869) President Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 was a prelude to the Thirteenth Amendment being written into the Constitution as the Emancipation Proclamation had only at the time applied to the slaves that were being held in areas of the country were in rebellion against the north, or what was known as the United States of that time during the time of Proclamation. In the areas that were controlled by the Union, or the south, the slaves were not freed until this amendment took effect. In the present day, the Supreme Court has ruled that the only situations where the Thirteenth Amendment cannot be applied as a violation is in the cases of mandatory military service and within methods used for involuntary servitude by convicted criminals in such instances of a "chain gang" unless they are ruled cruel and unusual punishment methods. The Thirteenth Amendment also prohibits specific performance as a judicial remedy for violations of contracts for personal services such as employment

Types of Communication Barriers

Types of Communication Barriers Communication is the process of transferring information and meaning between senders and receivers using one or more written, oral, visual or electronic channels. The essence of communication is sharing-providing data, information and insights in an exchange that benefits both you and the people whom you are communicating (Bovee and Thill, Excellence in Business Communication, Ninth Edition, 2011). Effective communication helps businesses in numerous ways. These benefits include: Stronger decision making based on reliable, timely information. Faster problem solving- less time is spent on understanding problems and more time is spent on creating solutions. Communication barriers can interfere with or block the message you are trying to send. Managers should: Recognise the barriers to communication which prevent messages being sent and received successfully Develop communication skills to overcome these barriers. Types of communication barriers There are many different factors that can create barriers to effective communication. Language barriers Language barriers occur when people do not speak the same language, or do not have the same level of ability in a language. However, barriers can also occur when people are speaking the same language. Sometimes barriers occur when we use inappropriate levels of language (too formal or informal) or we use jargon or slang which is not understood by one or more of the people communicating. Often the situation in which the conversation is taking place, and whether or not people have prior experience of the matter being discussed, can also contribute to such barriers being formed. Overcoming language barriers Remember that preparation is an important part of communication. Think about: who you are communicating with what their language needs may be. Using visuals (photographs, drawings, diagrams and so on) can help to overcome language barriers as can using appropriate non-verbal communication. Be aware, however, that different situations and different cultures (including workplace cultures) have varying interpretations of non-verbal communication. What is acceptable in one culture may be offensive in another. What is clear to you may not be clear to others: a nod for ‘yes’ may not mean the same thing in another country! See ‘Take care with gestures’ in Section 2 for more examples. The quality of your voice is also important for clear communication. Be sure to speak with appropriate volume for the situation and use clear diction. Listening actively to other people and letting them know that you are listening (nodding, asking questions etc) is an excellent way to overcome language barriers. Conversational bad habits There are many bad habits we can have in conversation: Sometimes we judge the other person by criticising them, calling them names or diagnosing them (for example, ‘you’re stupid’ or ‘you are only saying that because you know you should have spent more time on it’). Another bad habit is sending solutions to the other by threatening, moralising, asking too many questions or advising them. For example, ‘You should apologise.’ ‘If I were you†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢. Another common, but very negative, conversational habit is avoiding the other person’s concerns by changing the subject, offering a ‘logical ‘ argument or reassuring the person, ‘It’ll be ok. The same happened to a friend of mine†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Often people just want you to listen. Prejudging helps no one. People have the right to make mistakes. In the workplace, the important thing is to get the job done and to help each other to do this. Sending solutions may not always be your business and will often not be appreciated. People must make their own decisions. We often reassure the person because we are embarrassed about facing others’ emotions. Cultural awareness Communicating with people of different cultures and backgrounds means becoming aware of the differences in values, beliefs and attitudes that people hold. Empathy is important for overcoming barriers to communication based on culture. Empathy means sensing the feelings and attitudes of others as if we had experienced them personally. There is a common expression that describes how you can develop empathy: ‘You need to walk a mile in another person’s shoes’. There are many techniques involved in creating empathy. We can try: respecting other’s feelings and attitudes using active listening skills encouraging involvement of others by asking questions while respecting personal privacy using open body language and an encouraging vocal tone taking other people’s fears and concerns into consideration. refraining from giving unsolicited advice. not blaming, instead working towards a solution. Environmental barriers Not all barriers to communication are caused by people. There are many environmental factors affecting the effective communication process. Messages can be blocked by environmental factors, such as the physical setting or the situation where communication takes place. Managing environmental factors Here are some points to help you manage environmental factors for effective communication when in teams. Team meeting rooms should be cool but not cold. A warm room makes participants sleepy; a cold room can make them very unhappy! Make sure that the environment is comfortable and secure. People need to feel safe before they will listen or offer suggestions. Check that nothing behind or near the team member will cause distraction (for example, activity seen through an open window or door; a television screen). Turn off your mobile phone when you are communicating with other people. Wait until machinery (or any other distracting noise) is turned off before you even try to communicate. If this is not possible, move to a quieter location. Use accepted format in any written communication (letters, memorandums and reports) and, if it’s important, check with someone beforehand that they can understand it. As a communicator, you need to think about what are the potential and real environmental barriers in your workplace or community Bias, generalisations and stereotyping These behaviours can cause communication barriers. Having these attitudes and not confronting them is not just wrong, it’s bad for business. In the workplace, such attitudes can cost the organisation time and money. Stereotyping occurs when you assume you know something about a person because of their cultural or social background. Your views may come from a bias you may have against a particular behaviour, appearance, possession or even a particular geographical area. An example of generalisation is where you know one person from a particular background and then generalise that all people from that background are the same. Your situation, appearance and behaviour may contribute to other people’s stereotyped views. This could contribute to communication breakdown. Learn to treat everyone as an individual. You will open up the channels for communication and overcome the barriers based on discrimination.

Free Hamlet Essays: Hamlet, Fortinbras and Leartes :: GCSE Coursework Shakespeare Hamlet

Hamlet, Fortinbras and Leartes Hamlet, Fortinbras and Leartes are all very different people with different lives, but as these men interact in the play we learn that there are many circumstances surrounding them that mysteriously connect them. All three of these characters had some reason to avenge some circumstance in their life, but they all had a very different way of conquering the object of their hatred. Fortinbras Fortinbras had levied an army to attack and conquer Denmark. Though son of the late King of Norway, the crown of Norway had gone to his uncle, just as the crown of Denmark had gone to Hamlet's uncle. This shows that in the world of the play it was not unusual for brothers to late kings to be elected to the throne over the pretensions of their younger nephews. But Fortinbras was not prepared to accept his constitutional dispossession so easily. If he had been deprived of the throne of his father, he would try to conquer a kingdom of his own in which, as he later tells Horatio, he has "some rights of memory." Fortinbras is not willing to put an end to his military adventures. Desiring to win honor through the sword, he cares not that the prize of his glory is worthless or that he will sacrifice thousands of lives and much wealth for this hollow victory. Like Hamlet, Sr., Fortinbras is an empire builder who desires only to fight for glory and so, in an ironic way, he is fitted by character to inherit the kingdom of Hamlet, Sr. Leartes Laertes is a young man whose good instincts have been somewhat obscured by the concern with superficial appearances which he has imbibed from his father, Polonius. Like his father, Laertes apparently preaches a morality he does not practice and fully believes in a double standard of behavior for the sexes. But if his father allows him these liberties, it is that he may better approximate the manner of a so - called gentleman. More concerned with the outward signs of gentility than with any inner refinement of spirit, Laertes has well observed his father's advice to be concerned with appearances since "the apparel oft proclaims the man." As unconcerned for the order of society as he is for his own salvation, he would rather "dare damnation" than leave his father's honor and his own besmirched. Though the sight of his sister's madness brings him to a moment of true grief, he is still primarily enraged by his father's "obscure funeral - / No trophy, sword, nor hatchment o'er his bones, / No noble rite nor formal ostentation.

Film “Run Lola Run” Essay

â€Å"Cinema that interests me is cinema about opening, unresolved questions and experiments.†- Tom Tykwer. The film Run Lola Run by Tom Tykwer uses distinctively visual features to create a positive effect on an audience’s appreciation of the text. He uses these visual elements to explore three major themes: chance, love and gameplay. Re-occurring motifs, split screen and tripartite structure are all examples of techniques Tykwer has used to create distinctively visual features in his film. Similar to Tykwer’s film Run Lola Run, Wilfred Owen in his poem Dulce et Decorum Est too uses distinctively visual techniques to have a positive effect on an audiences appreciation of his text. Unlike Tykwer, Owen expresses the theme horrors of war through multiple poetic techniques to create images in his reader’s minds. Chance lies at the core of the film where nothing is definitive. In the film Run Lola Run Tykwer expresses the theme chance through multiple techniques such as re-occurring motifs, symbolism and rapid-fire snapshots. Throughout the entire movie, Tykwer has used the motif of spirals to represent chaos and randomness within the text. They are seen at the start of the film when the animated Lola is running; the camera is shown spiraling around Lola as she thinks about whom to ask for the money, the stairway in the introduction and the roulette wheel in the final sequence. This motif pops up to symbolize the films central message that life spirals around continuously and out of control. Endings are new beginnings and beginnings mark the end of that which came prior. Throughout the films three versions of events, rapid-fire snapshots of minor characters are used to pose deeper existential philosophical questions that challenge our perceptions of happenstances, causality and fate. On simple step to the left on Lola’s adventure could differ the lives of a minor character majorly. For example the lady at the start of Lola’s run could quite possibly win the lottery, become a kidnapper or even a Jehovah’s Witness. Tykwer never lets the audience forget that the film is a race against time, clocks are used throughout the film to symbolize time and its impact on life. Lola is constantly looking at the clocks, checking the time making sure she gets the 100 000 marks to Manni in 20 minutes. Lola’s lack of time creates a developed understanding and briefness of life. Tykwer displays distinctively visual features throughout the theme chance to give a positive appreciation of the text. The love story between Lola and Manni is what drives the film. Tyker uses red-hued scenes, split screens and extreme close-ups to clearly portray love throughout this film. The red-hued scenes in between Lola’s runs clearly demonstrate the importance of their love and insecurities as they ask each other â€Å"What would you do if I died† and responding with â€Å"I wouldn’t let you die†. The intimate red tint reinforces the love they share and how love can conquer anything. With the use of a split screen we as a viewer see how they almost read each other’s minds when Lola is running to stop Manni from robbing the store. This portrays a special bond they share even when they are apart. The first two alternate endings end with Lola and Manni dying, we as an audience see a close up of when they are dying showing the reflection of each others face in their dying eyes conveying the refusal to allow each other to die. Tykwer clearly portrays distinctively visual features throughout the theme love to give a positive appreciation of the text. The last important theme throughout the film Run Lola Run is gameplay. Tykwer uses film techniques such as tracking shots, animated sequence and tripartite structure to portray distinctively visual features throughout this theme. The tracking shot of Lola running with her flame red hair streaming behind her is used to visually represent that she is the main player throughout this game and has power and purpose over other characters. Tykwer uses an animated sequence at the beginning of each run to convey game like elements of her life and how out lives too can be played like a game. Tykwer then uses a tripartite structure that offers Lola chances to win. The thesis is the first run where the journey is set up, the antithesis is the second run and is the opposite to the thesis, finally the synthesis is the third run and it is what Lola learns from run one and two that assist her in winning the game. Tykwer uses this technique to express to his audience that there are chances in life to achieve your set goals. From the three major  themes, chance love and gameplay it is evident that Tykwer has effectively used distinctively visual features to create a positive appreciation of his text. The poem Dulce et decorum est starts off in the middle of action, a battle that is not quite finished. Owen begins to describe the conditions these soldiers were in, â€Å"Bent double, like old beggars under sacks.† Owen uses a simile to express to his audience the horrible conditions these soldiers were put through. Soldiers at war are usually strong and healthy but Owen erases this image and replaces it with a â€Å"beggar† This conveys that war can cause terrible damage to ones appearance changing it dramatically. In the quote â€Å"Drunk with fatigue; deaf even to the hoots† Owen uses a metaphor but also hyperbole in this stanza to convey just how tired they were and weren’t taking any notice of the shells dropping behind them. This reinforces the effects of war has on soldiers and how they feel whilst fighting for your country. In the quote † he plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning† Owen illustrates the fact that he is stating clearly, through use of onomatopoeia such as: â€Å"guttering†, â€Å"choking†, and â€Å"drowning† not only show how the man is suffering, but that he is in terrible pain, pain no human being should endure. Owen uses onomatopoeia to visually depict the effect of a gas attack on the human body and how it can cause extreme amounts of pain. This strengthens the idea that war is a horrible thing for the soldiers fighting. This poem is extremely effective as an anti-war poem, making war seem absolutely horrid and revolting, just as the author wanted it to. Similar to Tykwer, Owen too uses distinctively visual techniques to demonstrate particular themes throughout their texts to provide the audience with a positive appreciation of the text. Ultimately, the composers of Run Lola Run and Dulce et Decorum Est use distinctively visual techniques to convey different themes throughout their texts. Tykwer effectively expresses the themes, chance, love and gameplay while Owen conveys the horrors of war through his text. Tykwer communicates his themes through film techniques such as reoccurring motifs, split screen and tripartite structure however Owen articulates his theme through the use  of poetic techniques such as metaphors similes and personification. As both texts deal with chaos in their own way, it might be suggested that the visual techniques can allow us to enter a new realm of reality created by the composer.

Social Media Essay

Social Media Negative Effects Social media plays a socialegative impacts of social media has drastically changed since it was introduced in 1979 when Usenet systems were first conceived by Tom Truscott and Jim Ellis, and even since Mark Zuckerberg created â€Å"Facebook† in 2004.  Impact of social media on society sites such as Twitter, Instagram, Tumblr and Omegle expose today’s adolescence to things they shouldn’t be seeing, and it is as easy as logging in. The following paragraphs will talk about the three main the negative effects of social media plays on youth today. These are; one, continuously putting users of Social Media, (and even the internet), in danger, two, damaging face to face socializing skills, and three, exposing our youth to explicit materials. Negative Effects of Social Media on Society Firstly, Social media poses many threats in today’s society. It is accessible from any Computer, Phone, Tablet or IPod with an internet connection. This means that it is easier for children as young as 8 or 9 to connect to a social media site. This in turn exposes them to nudity, swearing and the worst of all; pedophiles and rapists. Rheana Murray of New York Daily News stated that a whopping one in ten profiles online are fake (May 2013). This means that at least 10% or more of a child’s friends on Facebook could be phony. The Carly Ryan incident in 2006 proves that the internet is a very dangerous platform for children, teenagers and even adults to be using. Unfortunately, fake profiles are not just used for using fake aliases. Even if someone has only, say 10 friends on a social media site, and know that all of these are authentic, there are still ways for hackers to access your information; such as your location, photos or even bank details. Bullying is also a huge danger to youth on the internet. Back before Social Networking was created, bullying stopped when school stopped. Now, a child being bullied is also faced with bullying in the confinement of their own home. Bullying on  social media effects on society has become one of the top three reasons for teen suicide, with a further two teens saying that they had attempted suicide as a result of cyber bullying. The main problem here is that only one in ten will inform a teacher or parent of this. Social Media faces today’s youth with countless dangers, it should be used carefully and decisively. Read more:  Essay About Positive and Negative Effects of Social Media Secondly, social media today is damaging the minds of our youth by suppressing their physical socializing skills. Because most of the time teenagers communicate via text and Facebook instead of writing a letter or picking up the phone, they are subconsciously harming the part of the brain that allows them to have meaningful conversations face to face. It worsens for the generation that were born from 2005 on, as this means social media is all they grew up with. Even for teenagers in high school, social media still played a major part in their influential maturing years that the early years when social media wasn’t known, don’t count towards anything. For instance, studies show that 3 in 5 students are abbreviating their words to acronyms without even realizing (Jasmine Fowlkes 2010). It is also seen that youth today do not have anything else to talk about other than what they â€Å"saw on Facebook last night† or â€Å"guess who is dating who†. This is a perfect example of what is happening to their socializing skills. Teens are unable to hold a decent conversation without mentioning something they saw on social media on the weekend or night before. This is going to severely damage their interviewing abilities when they want to apply for a job, or when they want to be able to stay in a relationship. It is important that people pay attention to how much they are relying on social media to communicate, and to limit themselves so they do not lose their ability to physically socialize altogether. Lastly, Social media plays a negative role on today’s society by exposing them to explicit material that should not be obtainable to today’s youth. Many sites have age restrictions, but it’s not a challenge for young children to say they wer e born ten years earlier on a social media account – the desire to explore the internet will drive them to this. Children still in the 3rd grade can have access to anything they desire, and most of the time will not understand what they are looking at but will always remember the basics. This leads to them asking their parents or other young friends what it means. Which leads to more unauthorized â€Å"research†. Most children at the age of five know what the the basics of sex are, and even more due to the ever expanding social network. When young children are on sites like Omegle (A video chat site where users are connected with another random user from around the globe, which are mostly naked men) they are oblivious to the  negatives of social media effects that these images are  doing to them. They are also exposed to rude and vulgar words which they then pick up and use as a force of habit in their everyday life. These children unfortunately are as young as six or seven. The internet needs to start using effective filters to stop this explicit material from poisoning the the minds of our future generation, and start paying more attention. In conclusion, social media plays a negative role on today’s society by continuously putting users of social media in danger, limiting face to face socializing skills, and exposing our society to explicit materials.  Bad things about social media need to change. There needs to be more restrictions blocking access to inappropriate sites, and security needs to drastically tighten on this essay on social media profiles, or the future generation that will be running the world will incapable of doing the job correctly. –Which effects everybody, and the generations to come. Works Cited Dewing, Michael. Social Media. Ottawa, Library of Parliament, 2010. â€Å"The Social Capital of Locative Social Media.† Locative Social Media. â€Å"Social Media.† Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_media.